当字符串中包含中文，字符数的统计会有问题，体现在调试时，提示字符串中的字符无效，原因是字符编码为utf-8而IDE显示了ansi编码，导致如此，将多字符转为宽字符，即ANSI转GBK

源码

// CharNums.h
#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

#pragma warning(disable:4996)
using namespace std;

// 宽字符 -> 多字符
std::string WStringToString(const std::wstring& ws)
{
    std::string strLocale = setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    const wchar_t* wchSrc = ws.c_str();
    size_t nDestSize = wcstombs(NULL, wchSrc, 0) + 1;
    char *chDest = new char[nDestSize];
    memset(chDest, 0, nDestSize);
    wcstombs(chDest, wchSrc, nDestSize);
    std::string strResult = chDest;
    delete[]chDest;
    setlocale(LC_ALL, strLocale.c_str());
    return strResult;
}

// 多字符 -> 宽字符 
std::wstring StringToWString(const std::string &str)
{
    std::wstring wContext = L"";
    int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, str.c_str(), str.size(), NULL, 0);
    WCHAR* buffer = new WCHAR[len + 1];
    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, str.c_str(), str.size(), buffer, len);
    buffer[len] = '\0';
    wContext.append(buffer);
    delete[] buffer;

    return wContext;
}

// 字符串存储到vector中，一个字符（汉字算一个字符）一个位置
std::vector<std::string> SpiteStringCharacter(std::string context)
{
    std::vector<std::string> res;

    std::wstring wContext = StringToWString(context);
    for (int i = 0; i < wContext.length(); ++i)
    {
        std::wstring tmp = wContext.substr(i, 1);
        res.push_back(WStringToString(tmp));
    }

    return res;
}

// 判断是否为中文字符
bool IsChineseChar(std::wstring value)
{
    if (value.size() == 1)
    {
        unsigned char* pCh = (unsigned char*)&value[0];
        if (((*pCh >= 0) && (*pCh <= 0xff)) && (*(pCh + 1) >= 0x4e && *(pCh + 1) <= 0x9f))
        {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

// 获取字符串中中文字符数量
int GetStringChineseCharCount(std::string context)
{
    std::wstring wContext = StringToWString(context);

    int chineseCharCount = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < wContext.length(); ++i)
    {
        if (IsChineseChar(wContext.substr(i, 1)))
        {
            ++chineseCharCount;
        }
    }

    return chineseCharCount;
}

示例

#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    std::string value = "类型A123";
    std::vector<std::string> spliteList = SpiteStringCharacter(value);
    int count = GetStringChineseCharCount(value);
    std::cout<<"一共有 "<< spliteList.size()<<" 个字符,其中有 "<<
             count <<" 个汉字."<<std::endl;

    return 0;